Cross cultural adjustment of female expatriates in the tourism and hospitality sector

Jugindar Singh
Management
, 16 Jalan Ibu Kota 5, Taman Ibu Kota, Kuala Lumpur, 53100
Malaysia

jugindar@gmail.com, Orchid ID:

Aminath Jaya Abdul Hakeem Asia Pacific University Of Technology And Innovation

, Orchid ID:

Jugindar Singh Katar Singh Asia Pacific University Of Technology And Innovation

, Orchid ID:

Benjamin Chan, Yin Fah Universiti Tun Abdul Razak

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ABSTRACT

Due to globalisation, the role of expatriates has become more critical. However, there is a dearth of studies on the combined effect of emotional intelligence, cultural intelligence, and spiritual intelligence on the cultural adjustment of female expatriates. This study examined the effect of emotional intelligence, cultural intelligence, and spiritual intelligence on the cultural adjustment of female expatriates in a developing country. This was a quantitative study, and the target population were female expatriates in the Maldives. By using a survey method, primary data was collected from 151 respondents.  The results revealed that cultural and spiritual intelligence positively and significantly affected expatriates' cross-cultural adjustment. Cultural intelligence had the strongest effect on the cross-cultural adjustment of expatriates. Surprisingly, emotional intelligence did not show a significant effect on the cross-cultural adjustment of expatriates. The results of the study filled the gap that was identified. In addition to the theoretical contribution, this study contributed towards a better understanding of the successful expatriation of female expatriates by human resource managers. To the researcher's knowledge, this was the first study that examined the combined effect of emotional intelligence, cultural intelligence, and spiritual intelligence on the cultural adjustment of female expatriates in a developing country.

Keywords: cross-cultural adjustment, expatriates, cultural intelligence, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


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Dr Jugindar Singh 
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Asia pacific University of Technology and Innovation 
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